Pangolin Facts The Worlds Most Trafficked Animal

The pangolin is an unusual-looking mammal that is covered with scales instead of fur. The scales are made of keratin, the same protein found in hair and fingernails. Threatened pangolins roll into a ball and are so protected by the scales that most large predators cant bite into them. The name pangolin comes from the Malay word pengguling, which means one who rolls up. Fast Facts: Pangolin Scientific Name: Order PholidotaCommon Names: Pangolin, scaly anteaterBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 45 inches to 4.5 feetWeight: 4 to 72 poundsLifespan: Unknown (20 years in captivity)Diet: CarnivoreHabitat: Asia and sub-Saharan AfricaPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Endangered Species Pangolins are mammals in the order Pholidota. There are several extinct species and only one extant family, Manidae. Four species in the genus Manis live in Asia. Two species in the genus Phataginus live in Africa. Two species in the genus Smutsia live in Africa. Pangolin in the hands of a poacher, rolled into its defensive position. Fabian von Poser, Getty Images Description The pangolin is sometimes called the scaly anteater. Pangolins share a similar body shape, long snout, and long tongue with the giant anteaters, but they are actually more closely related to dogs, cats, and bears. Pangolins range in size from the size of a house cat to over four feet long. Mature males can be 40% larger than females. Average pangolin size ranges from 45 inches to 4.5 feet, with a weight between 4 and 72 pounds. Habitat and Distribution The Chinese, Sunda, Indian, and Philippine pangolins live in Asia, although no wild pangolin has been seen in China in several years. The ground, giant, black-bellied, and white-bellied pangolin live in Africa. Distribution of pangolin species. Craig Pemberton, Creative Commons License Diet and Behavior While pangolins arent closely related to anteaters, they do eat ants and termites. These nocturnal insectivores consume 4.9 to 7.1 ounces of insects each day. Pangolins lack teeth, so they swallow small stones to help digest prey. While they hunt using their sense of smell, pangolins seal their nose and ears and close their eyes when feeding. They use strong claws to dig into the ground and vegetation to access prey, which they retrieve using long tongues coated with sticky saliva. Reproduction and Offspring Except for mating, pangolins are solitary creatures. Males mark territory using scent from anal glands, urine, and feces. In summer or autumn, females track the odor to find a mate. If there is competition for the female, males use their tails as clubs to fight for dominance. After mating, the female seeks or digs a burrow to give birth and raise her young. Gestation time depends on species and ranges from 70 to 140 days. Asian species give birth to one to three offspring, while African pangolins usually give birth to one. At birth, the young are about 5.9 inches long and weigh between 2.8 to 15.9 ounces. Their scales are white and soft, but harden and darken within a few days. The mother and her young remain within the burrow for the first two to four weeks after birth. The female nurses her young and wraps her body around them if threatened. Initially, offspring cling to the females tail. As they grow, they ride on her back. Offspring are weaned around 3 months of age, but stay with their mother until they are 2 years old and sexually mature. The life span of wild pangolins is unknown. Most probably die before they reach sexual maturity. In captivity, they have been known to live 20 years. However, pangolins are not well-adapted to captivity, so its possible they may be able to live even longer. A female pangolin carries her young on her back. Charles Van Zyl / EyeEm, Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN lists all eight species of pangolin as threatened with extinction, with classifications ranging from vulnerable to critically endangered. While all populations are (rapidly) decreasing, the number of remaining animals is unknown. Taking a census of pangolins is hampered by their nocturnal behavior and habitat preference. All pangolin species are listed under Appendix I of CITES as prohibited for international trade except via permit. Threats Pangolins face few predators in the wild, but are the most trafficked animal on the planet. Over one million pangolins were illegally trafficked to China and Vietnam in the last decade. The animal is poached for its meat and its scales. The scales are ground and used to make traditional medicines in Africa and Asia that are used to treat a wide variety of ailments, including asthma, cancer, and difficulty lactating. While there is no scientific evidence such treatments work, their use is deeply ingrained in local culture. Pangolins do not fare well in captivity because of their specific diet and naturally suppressed immune function. However, recent advances have led to captive breeding of the animals, so there is some hope they may be raised and later released into natural habitats. Yet, the other significant threat faced by the pangolin is habitat loss and degradation. Much of the animals range is subject to deforestation. Sources Boakye, Maxwell Kwame; Pietersen, Darren William; Kotzà ©, Antoinette; Dalton, Desirà ©-Lee; Jansen, Raymond (2015-01-20). Knowledge and uses of African pangolins as a source of traditional medicine in Ghana. PLOS ONE. 10 (1): e0117199. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117199Dickman, Christopher R. (1984). MacDonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 780–781. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5.  Mohapatra, R.K.; Panda, S. (2014). Behavioural descriptions of Indian pangolins (Manis crassicaudata) in captivity. International Journal of Zoology. 2014: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2014/795062Schlitter, D.A. (2005). Order Pholidota. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 530–531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.Yu, Jingyu; Jiang, Fulin; Peng, Jianjun; Yin, Xilin; Ma, Xiaohua (2015). The First Birth and Survival of Cub in Captivity of Critically Endangered Malay an Pangolin (Mariis javanica). Agricultural Science Technology. 16 (10).

Using Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 1180 Words

Imagine while writing a term paper trying to figure out how to start a proper introduction, a text message is received from a loved one reading, â€Å"I am on my way home now. see you soon.† You reply, â€Å"Okay drive safe.† Moments pass and the feeling of worry slowly starts to kick in wondering if they are driving safe, if they are checking their mirrors before switching lanes, if they have their seatbelt on, and if the tires are still good on the car. Then in a matter of minutes, ‘if’ turns into ‘what if’. What if they got into an accident, hostage by terrorist, got kidnapped by mafia, and other things that are not likely to happen while on the road. This constant worry, nervousness, and tension just continuously grows and envelopes you, rendered unable to even complete normal tasks like writing this introduction. This is just a small example of what someone with Generalized Anxiety Disorder may go through on a daily business every moment d uring their day. The topics that are going to be covered in this paper are what is GAD and what are the signs and symptoms, how does GAD affect the ability to perform normal activities of daily living, and an overall summary with my assigned individual at SDC for his Intensive Learning Project. What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder â€Å"Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive worry about a variety of topics.†(Craighead, 2008) At first I found it hard to believe that Generalized Anxiety Disorder was a real debilitatingShow MoreRelatedThe Phobia of Social Anxiety1435 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Anxiety also known as Social phobia was finally added to the list of anxiety disorders in the year of 1986. Social Anxiety Disorder has the earliest onset of almost any mental disorder. 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TheyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorders Introduction to the paper Anxiety is a component found within many other mental disorders. The most common is depression. There are a number of anxiety disorders in the DSM, we will be looking at generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Generalized anxiety disorder causes one to worry and have anxiety about an event or activity that will most likely intensify and have a high impact on that particular activity or event. An individual diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorderRead MoreThe Average Age Of Onset Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe average age of onset of generalized anxiety disorder is 31 years old. Generalized anxiety disorder affects about 6.8 million American adults. This disorder can develop at any point in the life cycle, but the highest risk is between childhood and middle age. Individuals who suffer from GAD can’t relax; they startle easily, and have difficulty concentrating. Often they have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Some physical symptoms include fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle achesRead MoreInformative Speech On Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1420 Words   |  6 Pages Planning for the Informative Speech with Analysis Speech Topic: To inform my audience of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Generalized anxiety disorder Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience about . . . 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There are seven types of anxiety disorder and they include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, separation anxiety, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Foa, Edna Andrews, Linda Wasmer, 2006). Generalized anxiety disorder occurs when a person has an excessive or obsessive feeling of being worried and the feeling just won’tRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety, or commonly referred to as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is when a person has â€Å"excessive worry about a variety of topics† (Carrol 2014). When a person has generalized anxiety disorder, they process a fear in their mind on different types of issues that are occurring in their everyday life. This disorder can affect a person for a â€Å"period of at least six months† (Carroll 2014). 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A Guide to Critical and Creative Free Essays

Similar illness in one community suggests that there must be a connection between the environment and the illnesses. Acting on that hunch, I would conduct interviews with the families and people that are affected. All ideas and procedures in this easy can be found in chapter 10. We will write a custom essay sample on A Guide to Critical and Creative or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Ruggiero, 2012). I would ask them when did the symptoms start and what their official diagnosis, if any, has their doctor gave them. The assumptions that the land itself has to be the source of the contamination could hinder the investigation. To critically think about the issue I will have to brainstorm some questions to be answered. What company or companies built the houses? Who was in charge of overseeing the building codes? What companies were the building materials bought from? Is this company following all rules of the EPA? What industries are close by? What do they produce and what is their environmental impact? At this time, I cannot assume that everyone will be open for interviews or share my passion for investigating the issue. I will keep in mind that some of the information will be hear-say or secondhand information that may not be accurate. This type of information may lead to more interviews to check the source of the information. I would do research at the library to check maps of the area before it was developed. The court house would have information about the land to look into also. Close by communities that have been developed years earlier may hold clues. I would ask around in those communities for a few leads on whom I may interview there. The symptoms and diagnosis of the people involved was the first clue as to what is the common denominator of this issue. Investigating the land before it was developed may lead to answers. This was the first assumption or hunch. The answers received from this part of the investigation may not match up to the symptoms that could arise from the state of the land before it was developed. The next investigation would involve the materials that the homes are built out of. Even if the same contractor did not build all the houses, I must find out if the contractors may have used a common supplier. All through the investigation, the symptoms and illness must match the possible causes. To critically think about the issue, all possibilities must be considered. It could be that two materials that by themselves are harmless, were used together to create a harmful environment. It is possible that the contractors may not want to speak about their practices concerning the development of this community. This would be the time to look for ex-employees to interview. I may face criticism for my efforts to find the cause of the illnesses. The criticism may be very helpful to my investigation. No matter how much I think I am correct or perfect, there is always room for more information and improvement. I must take into consideration how my ideas match up with the information collected with both positive and negative feedback. Trying to save face and convincing people that my ideas are correct are not important. My curiosity will lead me to ask questions that lead to answers that lead to more questions. I will fight the erg to become trapped by my previous miscalculations. The facts in the case and the process of elimination will help lead the way. I must stay open to the possibilities that a previous eliminated cause or idea may still have a role to play in solving the problem. Similar illness in one community suggests that there must be a connection between the environment and the illnesses. Acting on that hunch, I would conduct interviews with the families and people that are affected. All ideas and procedures in this easy can be found in chapter 10. (Ruggiero, 2012). I would ask them when did the symptoms start and what their official diagnosis, if any, has their doctor gave them. The assumptions that the land itself has to be the source of the contamination could hinder the investigation. To critically think about the issue I will have to brainstorm some questions to be answered. What company or companies built the houses? Who was in charge of overseeing the building codes? What companies were the building materials bought from? Is this company following all rules of the EPA? What industries are close by? What do they produce and what is their environmental impact? At this time, I cannot assume that everyone will be open for interviews or share my passion for investigating the issue. I will keep in mind that some of the information will be hear-say or secondhand information that may not be accurate. This type of information may lead to more interviews to check the source of the information. I would do research at the library to check maps of the area before it was developed. The court house would have information about the land to look into also. Close by communities that have been developed years earlier may hold clues. I would ask around in those communities for a few leads on whom I may interview there. The symptoms and diagnosis of the people involved was the first clue as to what is the common denominator of this issue. Investigating the land before it was developed may lead to answers. This was the first assumption or hunch. The answers received from this part of the investigation may not match up to the symptoms that could arise from the state of the land before it was developed. The next investigation would involve the materials that the homes are built out of. Even if the same contractor did not build all the houses, I must find out if the contractors may have used a common supplier. All through the investigation, the symptoms and illness must match the possible causes. To critically think about the issue, all possibilities must be considered. It could be that two materials that by themselves are harmless, were used together to create a harmful environment. It is possible that the contractors may not want to speak about their practices concerning the development of this community. This would be the time to look for ex-employees to interview. I may face criticism for my efforts to find the cause of the illnesses. The criticism may be very helpful to my investigation. No matter how much I think I am correct or perfect, there is always room for more information and improvement. I must take into consideration how my ideas match up with the information collected with both positive and negative feedback. Trying to save face and convincing people that my ideas are correct are not important. My curiosity will lead me to ask questions that lead to answers that lead to more questions. I will fight the erg to become trapped by my previous miscalculations. The facts in the case and the process of elimination will help lead the way. I must stay open to the possibilities that a previous eliminated cause or idea may still have a role to play in solving the problem. How to cite A Guide to Critical and Creative, Papers

Peer Gynt Monologue Essay Example For Students

Peer Gynt Monologue Essay A monologue from the play by Henrik Ibsen NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen, vol. iv: Peer Gynt. Trans. William and Charles Archer. New York: Charles Scribner\s Sons, 1911. PRIEST: Now, when the soul has gone to meet its doom, And here the dust lies, like an empty pod, Now, my dear friends, we\ll speak a word or two About this dead man\s pilgrimage on earth. He was not wealthy, neither was he wise, His voice was weak, his bearing was unmanly, He spoke his mind abashed and faltering, He scarce was master at his own fireside; He sidled into church, as though appealing For leave, like other men, to take his place. It was from Gudbrandsdale, you know, he came. When here he settled he was but a lad; And you remember how, to the very last, He kept his right hand hidden in his pocket. That right hand in the pocket was the feature That chiefly stamped his image on the mind, And therewithal his writhing, his abashed Shrinking from notice wheresoe\er he went. But, though he still pursued a path aloof, And ever seemed a stranger in our midst, You all know what he strove so hard to hide, The hand he muffled had four fingers only. I well remember, many years ago, One morning; there were sessions held at Lunde. \Twas war-time, and the talk in every mouth Turned on the country\s sufferings and its fate. I stood there watching. At the table sat The Captain, \twixt the Bailiff and the sergeants; Lad after lad was measured up and down, Passed, and enrolled, and taken for a soldier. The room was full, and from the green outside, Where thronged the young folks, loud the laughter rang. A name was called, and forth another stepped, One pale as snow upon the glacier\s edge. They bade the youth advance; he reached the table; We saw his right hand swaddled in a clout; He gasped, he swallowed, battling after words, But, though the Captain urged him, found no voice. Ah yes, at last! Then with his cheek aflame, His tongue now failing him, now stammering fast He mumbled something of a scythe that slipped By chance, and shore his finger to the skin. Straightway a silence fell upon the room. Men bandied meaning glances; they made mouths; They stoned the boy with looks of silent scorn. He felt the hail-storm, but he saw it not. Then up the Captain stood, the grey old man; He spat, and pointed forth, and thundered Go! And the lad went. On both sides men fell back, Till through their midst he had to run the gauntlet. He reached the door; from there he took to flight; Up, up he went,through wood and over hillside, Up through the stone-screes, rough, precipitous. He had his home up there among the mountains. It was some six months later he came here, With mother, and betrothed, and little child. He leased some ground upon the high hill-side, There where the waste lands trend away towards Lomb. He married the first moment that he could; He built a house; he broke the stubborn soil; He throve, as many a cultivated patch Bore witness, bravely clad in waving gold. At church he kept his right hand in his pocket, But sure I am at home his fingers nine Toiled every whit as hard as others\ ten. One spring the torrent washed it all away. Their lives were spared. Ruined and stripped of all, He set to work to make another clearing; And, ere the autumn, smoke again arose From a new, better-sheltered, mountain farmhouse. Sheltered? From torrentnot from avalanche; Two years, and all beneath the snow lay buried. But still the avalanche could not daunt his spirit. He dug, and raked, and cartedcleared the ground And the next winter, ere the snow-blasts came, A third time was his little homestead reared. Three sons he had, three bright and stirring boys; They must to school, and school was far away; And they must clamber, where the hill-track failed, By narrow ledges past the headlong scree. What did he do? The eldest had to manage As best he might, and, where the path was worst, His father bound a rope round him to stay him; The others on his back and arms he bore. Thus he toiled, year by year, till they were men. Now might he well have looked for some return. In the New World, three prosperous gentlemen Their school-going and their father have forgotten. He was short-sighted. Out beyond the circle Of those most near to him he nothing saw. To him seemed meaningless as cymbals\ tinkling Those words that to the heart should ring like steel. His race, his fatherland, all things high and shining, Stood ever, to his vision, veiled in mist. But he was humble, humble, was this man; And since that sessions-day his doom oppressed him, As surely as his cheeks were flushed with shame, And his four fingers hidden in his pocket Offender \gainst his country\s laws? Ay, true! But there is one thing that the law outshineth Sure as the snow-white tent of Glittertind Has clouds, like higher rows of peaks, above it. No patriot was he. Both for church and state A fruitless tree. But there, on the upland ridge, In the small circle where he saw his calling, There he was great, because he was himself. His inborn note rang true unto the end. His days were as a lute with muted strings. And therefore, peace be with thee, silent warrior, That fought the peasant\s little fight, and fell! It is not ours to search the heart and reins; That is no task for dust, but for its ruler; Yet dare I freely, firmly, speak my hope: He scarce stands crippled now before his God! .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 , .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .postImageUrl , .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 , .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:hover , .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:visited , .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:active { border:0!important; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:active , .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7 .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3bebc5c426ddf0cb32064be4a824ceb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prometheus Unbound Monologue Essay Assignment

The Magic trail. Book 1. The seventh daughter of the King Review Essay Example

The Magic trail. Book 1. The seventh daughter of the King Review Paper Essay on The Magic trail. Book 1. The seventh daughter of the King Seeing not so long ago in the store domestic edition teen series The Faerie Path (in Russian -) Frewin Jones, and read in the abstract, that the creation of these things is intended for children 9-12 years old I was surprised, put everything down to naivety Machaon and decided to read (well as, once kidalty). In Russian and on paper (although the English e-books I have long zahomyacheny), because it was too good Swallowtail able to publish a book paper, cover, illustrations all for the reader, for which they thank you very much Paper-cover-pictures. this is good, of course, but the translation is rather dry and poor. . Just like everything else Here we have the story of how ordinary British schoolgirl Anita Palmer, on her sixteenth birthday suddenly finds out that in fact it is Tanya, Princess Fairy Land, the seventh daughter of the king Oberon and Queen Titania, 500 years ago, perished there in the dark. And so delee, yes. And her lovely boyfriend Evan was only a servant for a long time left in the magical land of the groom -. Count Gabriel Drake, which is their sacred duty to consider the search and return the princess back home We will write a custom essay sample on The Magic trail. Book 1. The seventh daughter of the King Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Magic trail. Book 1. The seventh daughter of the King Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Magic trail. Book 1. The seventh daughter of the King Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With all that, the idea is theoretically very good, the implementation of frankly let us down. The characters are sketchy and extremely short-sighted, almost Shakespearean passions rage, and translate into fast and crumpled interchange. Well, villains guessed at the first appearance, which is also pretty angry. In the 12-15 years it has come down, but the comparison with a young adult age creations no longer stands. No one holds to extend a visit to this world. Now the main thing to keep himself during an attack shopogolizm because the publication is really insanely beautiful:)

Chinese Civil War essays

Chinese Civil War essays China was at hardship during the time period of 1911-1949. In 1911 there was the start of the Communist Revolution, and then the Chinese with the Americans help had to fight off Japan which continued into World War II. Finally after the Japanese had surrendered the Civil War began in China. The Civil War was one of the most violent acts in Chinese history, it lasted for four long brutal years between 1945-1949. The outcome and impacts of the Civil War would change China forever. My main focus is on the impacts the Civil War had on foreign countries, who was involved, why it happened, and what was the outcome of the Civil War. After World War II and the surrender of Japan, another long and brutal war ravaged over China. The Civil War, which took place from the 1945-1949, was a devastating war between the Nationalists, who were led by Chiang Kai-Shek and the Communists who had many great leaders. For example, Mao Zedong who helped establish the Communist capitol o f Shih-Chia -Chuang which was a huge railroad center and ChenYi and Liu Bocheng who helped cut the Nationalists by destroying the protected outposts along the Lung-Hai and the Ping-Han lines which led to many other isolated cities. The roots of the conflict between the Communists and the Nationalists go back all the way to the 1920s. Their basic differences were over the formal agreement to cooperate in the war against Japan. In the end the Communists were victorious by gaining the peoples enthusiastic supports. Chang resigned and fled to Taiwan which was the only territory the Red Army did not occupy. The Civil War involved the Nationalists and the Communists in a dispute over land and who would rule China. The Civil War also involved the United States of America and its many acts to intervene with peace talks. The first of many peace talks was in 1945 when the United States sent George C. Marshall to China to mediate the hostilities be...

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Marketing - Assignment Example Therefore, I want to interact with the consumer creatively; the ‘break’ concept can be creatively explored through the packaging and synced with its current advertising campaign. Taking a break in today’s fast paced life is integral. The current pack is very clean, in-your-face, well branded, but it has nothing else to say.  Before any design modification, I will spot the key visual equities that aid consumers identify the brand, I will just add in these elements for more interaction (Aaker 2004). I would refresh and rejuvenate the pack design rather than re-invent it because it is not necessary for loyal consumers to appreciate a pack transformation. To really get creative with the pack design I would replace the brand name with seasonal messages as well. For example, on Mother’s day I will design the packs creatively with an amazingly patterned embossed print on the wrapper with confetti which can say ‘The Best Mom Ever’; a celebration brea k for the mothers. I can also depict the ‘break’ by creatively executing the barcode as well, perhaps by leaving space between the horizontal

Grammar teaching analysis in rural China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Grammar teaching analysis in rural China - Essay Example n 2002), and China following a history of more traditional teaching based on the grammar-translation method (GTM) started reforms within their middle and high schools and universities in the early 1990s by introducing CLT. The question is whether or not the introduction of CLT into the Chinese education system by the government has been successful in terms of teachers actually using such an approach for the teaching of grammar and whether they have the knowledge and ability to do so appropriately. Prior to the 1970s, the goals of teaching English was to impart correct, error free language; emphasis was placed more on form than on use, thus the Grammar Translation Method was very popular. As the name implies, focus was on the rules and structures of the language, used to translate from the mother tongue to the target language, and the oral/aural skills of listening and speaking were ignored in favour of reading and writing. Except for the period of the Cultural Revolution Chinese governments have been committed to the teaching of foreign languages and although Russian was popular for a while, English has been regarded by the new communist regime as significant to modernization (Ji Fengyuan 2004). The teaching of English has always been teacher, textbook and exam focused and so the GTM has been the ruling approach to the teaching of English, with students taking a passive role in the learning process. In traditional classrooms therefore, language learning is reduced to mastery of the grammar and lexicon, and students attain more knowledge of the language in terms of perfect grammatical structures reproduced in grammatical exercises and exams, than their ability to use it in real life. Led by British linguists such as Halliday and Firth and in reaction to GTM, CLT was advocated as the new method in language teaching, addressing the need to acquire communicative competence with natural exposure not teaching, to all four skill areas of reading, writing, listening

RELATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY BRITAIN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

RELATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY BRITAIN - Essay Example For any Organization, be it profit or non-profit making, to achieve its intended mission, a lot of work needs to be done to sustain a comfortable employee-employer relationship. No one should take this matter lightly because through this link, Suggestions, demands and expectations are passed and their replies channeled. Problems would most likely arise if employees of a particular company go up in arms over certain working conditions, delayed salaries and wages and inevitably, be an issue for the management such as strikes that just occur under their noses (Rose, 2004, pp 30 - 35). Sometimes organizations build their goodwill for years and they can not allow anything or anyone to just wreck it all. In the wake of creating, an employee relation, Workers Unions, Trade Movements and Welfare Societies advises them on the importance of joining them. These are activists who work closely with government to cater for the needs of the country's employees. Their mandatory goal being to pressurize for good reforms on laws, regulations and the constitution that governs them. (Euro found, 2008). In Britain, unions keep on pushing for better deals basing their argument on the current economic trend. It would therefore, be without these unions, very hard for people to come out and ask the government for considerations. The whole union concept is to apply civilized ways in addressing matters that arise every now and then. It involves pushing diplomatically, rather than having employees take to the streets, demanding recognition, as key players in the daily development of different sectors that lead to the total country's economic growth. These Unions also endorse sanctions to employers who appear to be treating their employees unfairly. They educate Companies and Organizations on the ethical point of their relation. Do others good the same way you expect to be done unto. The role that unions play in Britain is not to be ignored. (Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR, 2008).The strategies and efforts by these Unions can in fact be rated as militant. I say so, becaus e their activities involve; revolutionary, support and activism. Playing as the watchdogs, it also ensures not only that changes are done but are adhered to the latter. Their efforts can be termed as peaceful and radical, though at times aggressive. It is due to this characteristic that employees in Britain find it important to part of at least a union. They term their working style as assertive since most of their rights are put to check by the authority in concern. There are allocations regarding the number of welfare societies one can join. Of course there is no limitation to only a single one. (Salamon, 2000, pp5, pp8-12). Firms that deal with Human Resource management appropriately will witness the good it has done to them. People want to be associated with unions that are clearly instituted to avoid misunderstanding .At this point, it is indistinguishable to acknowledge that a good number of Britain's Unions have proved their worth, they are worthy. With their protocols comprehensively tabulated, it leaves no doubt; they are the correct handlers of matter concerning employees. Though there is still a long way to go, the efforts already

Looking At The Rocking Horse Winner Essay

Looking At The Rocking Horse Winner Essay Growing up in a capitalist society and living with his mother who showed no affection were only a few of the tasks David Herbert Lawrence mentions in his story The Rocking-Horse Winner. Did these negative aspects influence him or did they break him? We are sure of one thing: the characters included in this short story symbolize and show relation to the life of this particular author. The nostalgia for a mothers love and acceptance was what brought this story to its peak of interest through the character of Paul, a child. For example, Lawrence states, That [when] you fight is only a sign that you want in yourself, the child knows that; your own soul is deficient, so it fights for the love of the child( qtd. in Davies 124). Lawrences tragic and obsessive relationship with his mother led to neglect, along with money-dominated capitalism which he presents in his story The Rocking-Horse Winner, and Lawrence enforces the harmful impact that money can have on a family household. Lawrence uses a wide description of irony in The Rocking-Horse Winner. For instance, Lawrences wondrous feeling towards Pauls prediction of horse races and making money is dampened by Hester being ungrateful and wanting more money. The author furthers a sorrowful resolution for the cause of Pauls death. Furthermore, tragic irony is used in this story when Paul predicted so many winning horses, but ended up losing his life in the end of the story. Furthermore, Pauls death of course makes the story a tragic one; but just as tragic is the death of innocence and love, symbolized by Paul, in his unfortunate mother (Koban 396). In addition, situational irony occurs when we as the readers thought the outcome of the story will end with Paul and his family being affluent, but they end up with a loss that could not be brought back. Furthermore, another problem that Lawrence portrayed in The Rocking-Horse Winner is that capitalism dominates within the society. On the other hand, Lawrence links The Nature and Logic of Capitalism written by Robert L. Heilbroner in The Rocking-Horse Winner. Heilbroners view of capitalism is that, Capital is not a material thing but a process that uses material things as moments in its continuously dynamic existence (qtd. in Watkins 296). Capitalism initiated the obsession, tragedy, and neglect money caused within the household. For instance, The desire for money pervades the home, the withdrawal of the child into his private fantasy world (Watkins 296), and also the power relations of a capitalistic society. D.H. Lawrences use of capitalism within The Rocking-Horse Winner is portrayed through the characters in his story: [Paul] is a laborer for his mother, to whom he gives all of his money, only to find that the more he gives the more she needs (Watkins 297). To sum up, the capital istic society that Lawrence was brought up in as a young child and how it causes financial burdens is applied within this story. In addition, money was the powerful force which cause Hester to become such an greedy and ungrateful soul. For example, money is an issue with Hester because she tried to live on a social scale that she couldnt afford to be on. As a result, There must be more money! (Lawrence 366) signifies the insecurity that Paul and his sisters experience due to the withered love between Hester and her husband. Money, on the other hand, must be kept in perspective and not romanticized into a substitute for love, as it is in The Rocking-Horse Winner. Money initiates obsession and neglect; for example, Hester shows more significance and love for materialistic objects than showing it for her own children. Furthermore, Lawrence used his personal relationship with Lady Cynthia Asquith to influence the role of Hester in The Rocking-Horse Winner. Asquith was a longtime friend of Lawrence and influenced his stories: Biographical materials will show the striking similarities between the Asquith family and the family in the story (Davies 123). For instance, Lady Cynthia lost her capacity to love her son, although she struggled not to do so (Davies 125). In addition, Lawrence also changed the age and sex of the children; Lady Cynthia had three boys, in which Hester having two girls and one boy instead There were a boy and two little girls (Lawrence 365). Moreover, it was the poor social and personal situations in Lady Cynthias life including the other associates that D.H. Lawrence met in England that influenced the blatant and blithe moral in The Rocking-Horse Winner. Through the life influences of D.H. Lawrence comparison to The Rocking-Horse Winner, from growing up in a money-dominated society and dealing with a neglectful mother, Lawrence portrays his life through Paul. Lawrences childhood as an unloved young man and his own personal fantasies are portrayed in a short story in which riding the horse is what the author had in his possession, but the magnificent supernatural gifts were not present in reality. These supernatural gifts were given to the character Paul. Lastly, the contemporary life situations of D.H. Lawrences life gave The Rocking-Horse Winner morality, theme, and most of all the tragic events that money can bring.

Role Model Paper on My Mother -- essays research papers

Role Model Paper on My Mother A role model is someone who you can relate with. It is someone who will be hopefully you learn from and in turn they learn from you. My role model is my mother. She had to go through a summer of hell and this is what happened to her and what I learned to. God gives you certain situations and you have to run with it. I did not want big responsibilities. I figured, â€Å" Why should I worry about them, until I have to.† My way of thinking was selfish. I have always been a little selfish, but caring at the same time. I didn’t have that many real responsibilities. I had your typical chores. I had to do well in school, make sure my room was clean and try not to get in trouble. In my mind, I did not want to grow up until it was necessary. Growing up came all too quickly. In the beginning of May 2001, my mother was diagnosed with rectal and colon cancer. She developed cancer because she had ulcerative colitis since she was in her late twenties. It was always a thought, by many, that if the colitis got out of hand it could result in cancer. This thought never really crossed my mind. I remember the day I found out that my mother had cancer. I came home from school and was eager to get changed and drive over to my girlfriend’s house. I walked into the house and my father was standing at the kitchen counter and my mother was sitting on a chair crying. My father told me to sit down. He explained that my mother had been diagnosed with cancer and that...

“A Merchant of Venice” Essay Essay

In the play The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare reveals Portia’s character in a variety of different ways. She seems to have multiple personalities, and it is very difficult for one to conclude whether she is kind or cruel. For example, she could be said to be prejudiced and sly, while also very caring. Portia is quick to judge others on appearances and first impressions. In scene II, when Portia is discussing her suitors with Nerissa, she explains all of the traits she doesn’t like about each of them. She even suggests placing a glass of wine on one of the incorrect caskets; so that the German suitor would choose it and she wouldn’t have to marry him. In fact, she does not seem to like any of the suitors that have visited, except for Bassanio, whom she remembers with fondness: â€Å"I remember him well, and I remember him worthy / of thy praise† (1.2.114-115). In addition, when consulted about the Prince of Morocco, she makes it clear to the reader that â€Å"if he had the condition of a saint / and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should / shrive me than wive me† (1.2.124-126). This is extremely racist, especially since she hasn’t even spoken to him yet when she states this. She just immediately assumes that she would not marry him because of his dark skin, even if he had a wonderful personality. Also, Portia makes it known that she does not like people of the Jewish faith, and was extremely rude to Jessica when she first arrived in Belmont. During this scene, Portia warmly welcomes each man, but treats Jessica as if she were invisible. When Jessica tells the group that she had  heard him [Shylock] swear To Tubal and to Chus, his countrymen, That he would rather have Antonio’s flesh Than twenty times the value of the sum That he did owe him. (3.2.283-287) Portia completely ignores this piece of information, and continues talking to Bassanio as if nothing had been said. She cannot seem to accept people if they are slightly different from herself. Portia shows signs of being sly and somewhat cold-hearted. She manages to get to Venice and trick all of the men in the courtroom into thinking she is a man. Then, she craftily turns the whole bond plot around and saves Antonio from death, finding two loopholes in the bond. One of these is that Shylock cannot shed any of Antonio’s blood and the other is that he may not take any more or less than a pound of flesh. In the same scene, she decides to test her husband’s loyalty to her by convincing him to give her the ring that had been a symbol of their love, telling him that she â€Å"will have nothing else but only this† (4.1.430). Bassanio was eventually persuaded into giving up the ring to this ‘doctor’. This was very cold-hearted of her; she should have trusted Bassanio, given that he is her husband. This trick complicated their marriage, for she now probably feels like she cannot trust him. It was a cruel trick I think, and very sly. Portia loves Bassanio very much and cares for him and his friends. While it seems that Portia wants to accuse her husband of being disloyal, she still wants to help him in what ever way she can. At first, when she hears of the bond between Antonio and Shylock, she offers to â€Å"Pay him six thousand, and deface the bond; / double six thousand, and then treble that, / before a friend of this description / shall lose a hair through Bassanio’s fault† (3.2.298-301). When she discovers that money will not solve the problem, she risks getting caught and, accompanied by Nerissa, follows the men to Venice disguised as a male doctor. In the courtroom she stands up to Shylock and turns the bond to Antonio’s advantage, eventually causing Shylock to lose a lot of money and become terribly embarrassed. All of this she does out of love for Bassanio. Even though she has never met Antonio, she is very eager to help him out since he is a friend of her beloved husband. However horrible Portia may seem to be in terms of prejudice and how she doesn’t trust her own husband, she still is very loving to those she  actually likes. She can very well be described as two-faced: on the one hand she is sly, prejudiced and lacking in trust of her husband, yet on the other hand she is a kind and loving woman. It is this complex personality that makes her such an interesting character in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. Bassanio may want to get to know all of her sides before committing himself to a woman whom he barely knows.

A Raisin in the Sun & the American Dream

The American dream in the ’50s was close to materialism. The ownership of consumer goods was believed to bring joy into a family’s life. This stereotypical view governs the dream of one of the main characters in Lorraine Hansberry’s play.The title of the play is based on â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes, a poem that raises a question about a dream that is deferred. â€Å"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? †¦ Or does it explode?† (Rampersad, 1995, pg. 426) There are three main characters and all three of them of have dreams that have been prolonged for too long. A Raisin in the Sun is about the rocky journey they go through to acquire their dreams.  The Younger’s family has just received a $10,000 dollar check for their dead father’s life insurance policy. They live in a two bedroom apartment on the black side of town in Chicago. Racial prejudices against blacks in that era and a low income are the root of conflict in the f amily.Mama, deceased Mr. Youngers widow wishes to buy a house and fulfill the dream she once saw with her husband. Beneatha, Mama’s daughter, hopes to find her identity through looking towards true African heritage. Walter, Mama’s son, wishes to one day become rich. He wants to replenish his marriage and provide his son with all the opportunities he never had growing up.Walter wants to invest money in the liquor business with a few of his friends. Although the idea appalls Mama at first, she trusts and supports her son with his decision. The night before making the investment Walter tells his son about the business transaction he about to make while tucking him into bed. He tells the little boy that their lives will change soon and paints an elaborate and vivid picture of the future. He tells his son that when he’s seventeen years old he’ll come home and park the Chrysler in the driveway.The gardener will greet him and when he’s inside the house he ’ll kiss his wife and come up to his sons room to see him browsing through brochures of the best colleges in America. He then tells his son that he will give him whatever he wants. Although Walter is somewhat materialistic in what he wants at the core he just wants a happy family and a son who should have all the chances he never had.During this time Mama buys a house to fulfill the dream she saw with her husband; the only one she can afford is in a white suburban neighborhood. Mr. Lindner a man from the neighborhood comes to the Younger house trying to convince them to not destroy the white community. He offers a lot of money in exchange for their acceptance.Meanwhile Walter looses all the money he has invested in the liquor store because I friend has run away with it. When he looses the majority of their financial resources the entire family falls into a deeper level of depression. At this time, Walter decides to take the money the white man has to offer. The thought of sel ling away their right vexes Mama, Walter’s sister and his wife. They detest Walter for dealing with his dead fathers money so easily and feel that he has lost his soul when he days we wants to be bought out by the white Mr. Lindner.Ultimately, loosing everything they have unites them because at the last moment Walter changes his mind about taking money from Mr. Lindner. Walter tells him that they have moved into the house because their father earned it for them. He continues by saying that they don’t want to disturb the neighborhood peace or protest for bigger causes, and that they’d be nice neighbors.He tells Mr. Lindner that he doesn’t want the money. At this moment the entire family’s spirits are lifted and they are proud of the decision Walter has made. This act of standing by your family to achieve the American dream of succeeding no matter who you are and where you come from unites them. They learn to support each other and put their families before their own. By owning a house, having a high morale, and the support of their family, each of them is on their way to fulfill their American dream.ReferencesFoulis, Rhona (2005, March, 14). A Raisin in the Sun. Retrieved March 8, 2008, from Culture Wars Web site: http://www.culturewars.org.uk/2005-01/raisin.htmPotter , G and Struss, Joe. (2002, April, 02). Iowa State University. Retrieved March 8, 2008, from ISU Play Concordances Web site: http://www.public.iastate.edu/~spires/concord.htmlRampersad, A (Ed.). (1995). The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc..   

Sci241 Week 1 Assignment Healthy Eating Plan.Doc Essays

Sci241 Week 1 Assignment Healthy Eating Plan.Doc Essays Sci241 Week 1 Assignment Healthy Eating Plan.Doc Essay Sci241 Week 1 Assignment Healthy Eating Plan.Doc Essay Assignment: Healthy Eating Plan Alexander Ingram SCI241 1/26/2011 Instructor Lisa Goodson, Ph. D. Balancing nutrition is one of the most important things to do in one’s day besides hygiene. I have had my current eating habits analyzed and read the nutrition of them. I have read the good and poor aspects of my diet. On food diet websites that share links, I have found the food guide pyramid that is a tool for diet planning. The Food Guide Pyramid is a guide for planning diets that meet nutrient requirements and recommendations for health promotion and disease prevention. It was designed to help consumers make food choices that together add up to a healthy overall diet. University of Phoenix (UOP 2011) My current eating habits have been documented on a somewhat food diary that I keep track of on a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)(2011) website called mypyramidtracker. gov . On this food pyramid tracker, I can compare my nutrition to my activity and see the health of what I already eat. On this web site, I enter my diet for each day and my each activity and the time of each for the day I am logging to the tracker. After processing all this information, I can how my activity counters the calories I have consumed on that day. For the activity and time entered for it, one will receive a rating on their activities. With these results, I can build my own custom Food Pyramid that meats the nutrition I should have. The Pyramid is built around five food groups: Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta; Vegetable; Fruit; Milk, Yogurt, Cheese; and Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, Nuts. Foods within each of these food groups supply similar nutrients. For example, foods in the Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta Group provide carbohydrates and B vitamins; those in the Milk, Yogurt, Cheese Group provide protein, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin D. By choosing a variety of foods from each group according to the serving sizes and selection tips provided with the Pyramid, you can get adequate amounts of all the nutrients you need in the proportions recommended for a healthy diet. UOP (2011) With my current activity and diet I have found the best of the nutrients of my daily diet on Pyramid Tracker. USDA (2011) My daily activity time of 360 minutes of construction work, xpends a total calories of 2783, with a grading of 100 good. I currently, already have a daily balance for food of 1 cup of green, black and kidney beans each. I also have 2 cups of white long grain rice, 3 cups of whole wheat noodles, 1 large potato, 1 cup of potato soup, and for dinner or swapped between which is lunch, ? lb hamburger with mayo and tomato on a bun and 2 links of polish sausage. The Nutrients of my current eating habit are of an intake of 3734 calories, the recommended calories are 3662. With the other nutrients, I have high Protein, Sodium and Carbohydrates compared to the recommending. Almost all of my vitamins are low in the comparison, so with more research, I will find a way to decrease my high good nutrients to counter the raise in which vitamin nutrients I am lacking on. I may be able to hold my current diet and counter the low vitamins with vitamin pills a good grocery store may contain. The nutrients in food provide energy, structure, and regulation. There are six classes of nutrients that we need to stay alive and healthy, to grow, and to reproduce: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. The amount of each we need varies. Water, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are needed in large amounts. These are considered macronutrients. Macronutrient requirements are measured in grams (g) or liters (L). Vitamins and minerals are needed only in microgram or milligram (mg) amounts. They are considered micronutrients. Although we tend to think of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins as single nutrients, there are actually many different types of molecules in each of these classes. Carbohydrates include starches, sugars, and fiber. Some high-carbohydrate foods like potatoes, asta, and white bread contain mostly starch; some, like oatmeal, berries, kidney beans, and broccoli are high in fiber; and others like cookies, cakes, and carbonated beverages are high in added sugars. Foods that are high in fiber and low in added sugar tend to be higher in nutrient density, containing more vitamins and minerals per calorie than low-fiber, high-sugar foods. There are several types of lipids that are important in nutrition. The ones we hear most about are cholesterol and saturated and unsaturated fats. Consuming a diet high in cholesterol and saturated ats, from foods like butter, meat, and milk, increases your risk of developing heart disease. Consuming a diet high in unsaturated fats from foods like vegetable oils, olives, and avocados lowers your risk. Protein is also not a single substance. There are thousands of different proteins in your body and your diet. All of these are made up of units called amino acids. Different combinations of amino acids are linked together to form different types of proteins. The amino acids we eat in animal products better match our needs than do the amino acids from plant proteins such as those in rains and legumes. However, both plant and animal proteins can provide all the amino acids we need if the diet is chosen wisely. Water, unlike the other nutrient classes, has only one member. Water makes up about 60% of an adult’s bod y weight. We can’t store water so body losses must constantly be replaced by water in the diet. In the body water acts as a lubricant, a transport fluid, and a regulator of body temperature. Vitamins are small organic molecules that must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. There are 13 different vitamins. Each provides a unique function in the body, from maintaining vision to helping blood to clot. Minerals are inorganic elements. Like vitamins, they are needed for a variety of diverse functions such as keeping our bones strong and transporting oxygen in our blood. We consume vitamins and minerals in almost all of the foods we eat. Some foods are natural sources of vitamins and minerals: oranges contain vitamin C, milk provides calcium, and carrots give us vitamin A. Other foods have vitamins and minerals added to them; breakfast cereals often have almost 00% of the recommended intake of many vitamins added to them. Dietary supplements are also a source of vitamins and minerals for some people. UOP (2011) I intend to use this entire nutrient and diet information to gradually balance my personal diet to almost match the recommended nutrition I found through these resources. I am using measuring tools for food and reading the nutrition info on most foods before preparation. I will event ually blend good nutrition into my natural days. References: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2011) MyPyramid. ov is your access point for the USDA food guidance system. mypyramid. gov/pyramid/ and mypyramidtracker. gov for tracking my eating habits. University of Phoenix (UOP)(2011) University of Phoenix is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association (ncahlc. org). Retrieved January 29th of 2011 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/classroom/ic/classroom. aspx, week 1 reading materials I have gained some of the strongest information. (Chapter 1 and 2) ehiedu. org/flash/pdfs/w68761c2. pdf

The middle class in urban Britain 1780-1900 Essay

The middle class in urban Britain 1780-1900 - Essay Example However, they lacked the modalities to effect the change. It was not until the early nineteenth century that need for change was more strongly expressed by the lower class and the middle class. It is of importance to note that the people who took part and spearheaded this change were the middle class and were the cream in terms of their intellect (Scull, 2005).. Political changes The political arena in Britain was secluded to the mighty and wealthy for a long time, which also refers to the upper class. It was solely the rich who could rule while the middle class neither had a chance nor could raise their voices to be heard. This is evident even from the governance structure since that it is documented that even from the law making organs, the House of Lords could overrule any law passed by House of Commons. The ugly political face was worse in some areas like old Sarum and Dunwich where the middle class could not vote and a number of legislators were re-elected unjustly. The women we re also not allowed to vote, which expressed how democracy was indeed a nightmare to the people being ruled. This did not quite add up since lawyers were also in the category of the urban middle class (Mitchell, 2002). At that particular time, out of an estimated population of thirty million only about two million were allowed to vote. Inspired by the French protester refugees who moved in at around 1700, there were efforts by the middle class to spearhead their liberation. Several uprisings came up and the continuous pressure led to The Great Reform Act that was landmarked a political change in centuries. This Act brought political sanity to Britain and many other positive changes.. The imagery constituencies done away with and the members of parliament representation rationally and equitably restructured. Moreover, the most relevant to our discussion is that the middle class were allowed to vote with the exception of women (Scull, 2005). Economical changes Despite being despised, the middle class were relatively wealthy. Most of them had their wealth on land possession. It was just until in the late nineteenth century that he urban middle class began engaging in forms of wealth holdings like the stock market. In the urban areas in this period, a majority began being wealthy by manufacturing and creating employment. This gave rise to several merchants across Europe at the time and this can attribute to the steady rise in the number of the middle class (Mitchell, 2002). There are some cities that their economical growth was attributed solely to the middle class. An exquisite example is the city of Manchester, which at this period had many projects running in the event of industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution, the whole of Europe had a majority of entrepreneurs comprising of the middle class. The middle class prompted women to get employment. It important to have in mind that women were considered as housewives for some pretty long time in Bri tain. This had a large impact to the economy of the middle class, since majority-hired house cleaners to help in the daily domestic chores and this amounted to about forty percent of the female workers (Mitchell, 2002).

Christian Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Christian Democracy - Essay Example We combine the principle of centralization and that of popular sovereignty. Christian Democracy had, for all intents and purposes, begun with the immediate pre-war period. Thus, unlike political movements like socialism, or even liberalism, Christian Democracy became an important political force before it had matured ideologically. As a result, the development of its ideology was inhibited by the pressures of political responsibility. The Italian Christian Democratic Party, for example, was founded in 1943 and came to power in 1948. It was never able to develop its autonomous self separately from a close and intimate relationship with the state. The Christian Democratic phenomenon raises several puzzles: the contradiction between these parties' religious roots and their enduring success in the heart of one of the most secular social environments in the world, western Europe; the success of religion in structuring impressively successful political parties at a time of general secularization and decline of the institutional power of the church; the translation of religion, a supposedly premodern cleavage, into mass parties, the modern political weapon par excellence; the emergence of confessional parties in some countries but not in others; the domination (and often monopolization) of the bourgeois political space by confessional parties; the integration into... Solving these puzzles requires a theory of Christian Democracy. Such a theory should specify the conditions under which parties that appeal to voters on religious grounds form and succeed; account for the failure of such parties to emerge in seemingly favourable environments; and determine the impact of confessional parties on the politics of the societies in which they operate and the ways in which they shape the relationship of religion and politics. (Stathis, p.2) European Scenario One of the initial problems that European Christian Democratic leaders had to overcome was the traditional reluctance of many devout Catholics to get involved in politics. After the unification of Italy by a liberal, anticlerical movement in 1870, the popes exhorted their followers to stay aloof from politics. At the time of the virulently anti-Catholic phase of the French Revolution, many French Catholics adopted similar positions of separation and intransigence. Both the French Revolution and the Italian unification were accompanied by substantial increases in state power. This meant significantly less respect for traditional ecclesiastical prerogatives. The Church and many faithful Catholics reacted to this state usurpation by attempting to withdraw from the political system and withholding their cooperation. This attitude split the Catholic faithful, with some believers maintaining that they ought to participate in politics, even under a liberal, anticlerical state, to "Christianize" the political process. (Einaudi, 187-90) By the beginning of the twentieth century, the official Church position toward the liberal state had softened somewhat. In 1891, Pope Leo

SIMULATION REFECTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SIMULATION REFECTION - Essay Example Even though I am now a senior nursing student I still get anxious when I have to confront real world situations because I am afraid of making a wrong decision that would compromise a patient’s health. This is the reason why it takes me a long time to get a nursing diagnosis. Mostly I double check with another nurse to be sure that I am doing the right thing. 2) Did you miss anything in getting report on these patients? If so why? Were you distracted? Did you receive too little information? Did you receive not enough or incomplete information? Were there environmental distractors? Did you have a knowledge deficit regarding the concepts required to comprehensively care for this patient scenario? What actions could you have taken to improve your patient report? What systems are in place that would assist you? (SBAR, etc.) Describe them. The report was correctly related to the patient’s condition. It helped me to understand the present and past medical history of the client. Professor Anderson was very thorough and easy to understand. This particular client had the diagnosis of congested heart failure, which had been covered recently in class. I had knowledge relating to this illness that helped me to provide care for the patient in this condition. One of the distractors for me was to be recorded while working. It made me nervous, not because I did not know what to do but just simply the pressure of knowing that somebody was watching me. I know that I have to work on that. Even now as a senior nursing student, my anxiety still increases knowing that someone is watching me. What I would like is more time with the patient and it would be better if the patient’s conditions were more realistic. In real life, after I administer medication such as Lasix, a beta blocker, and digoxin, I need time to reassess t he patient to know if his or her condition has improved or not. It would be more realistic to have an SBAR instead of using the board

Literary Analysis of American Literature Essay Example for Free

Literary Analysis of American Literature Essay As Elinor Ostrom explains, To a great degree, his stories speak for those who are disenfranchised, cheated, abused, or ignored because of race or class. Hughess stories speak of the downtrodden African-Americans neglected and overlooked by a prejudiced society. The recurring theme of powerlessness is exemplified in his narration â€Å"Let America Be America again†, â€Å"Harlem† and â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†. Hughes uses rhyme to draw attention to the poetic element of his narration â€Å"Let America Be America Again†. Words such as â€Å"be† and â€Å"free†, â€Å"dreamed and â€Å"schemed†, â€Å"wreathe† and â€Å"breathe† etc. all demonstrate rhyming. The central theme is that the author feels left out of the American Dream. Hughes is writing a poem of someone who feels that America is a land that lives up to begin to add up to that. The tone is angry and resentful. In this poem he is not representing the point of view of one particular group. Hughes conveys that there are many people who’ve come here with hopes and dreams and they’re being let down. He’s also saying that there is an economic disparity between people. In essence the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, because there is no equal opportunity. That idea is something that is not real for many people because of their race, economic situation, and come up. The reader is immediately introduced to the fact that the author does not believe that America is all it can be due to the fact that the word again is used. He wants America to be â€Å"the dream it used to be. † But the powerful line is #5 which reads â€Å"America was never America. † This enhances what many people feel, that Americas ideals of equality, liberty, and land of the free don’t seem real. In a sense there is a positive tone because there is a hope that America can be a â€Å"great strong land of love,† O, let my land be a land where liberty Is crowned with no false patriotic wreath, But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe. Liberty, which is another word for freedom is important in the dream America holds so preciously. The central message here is one of greed. Money is at the center of what America has become. Hughes feels that â€Å"power, gain† and owning property is the focus. It’s all about money. He says in line #32 to what America has become in his views. â€Å"Of owning everything for one’s own greed! † At the later stage of the poem, Hughes is coming back and saying sarcastically that he wouldn’t say there is freedom. He is speaking for the â€Å"millions† of people who have been struggling, hoping, working, flying flags, â€Å"who have nothing† except for dreams that are â€Å"almost dead. † â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes is a poem that talks about what happens when we postpone our dreams. The poem is made up of a series of similes and it ends with a metaphor. The objective of the poem is to get us to think about what happens to a dream that is put off, postponed; what happens when we create our very own shelve of dreams? The â€Å"dream† refers to a goal in life, not the dreams we have while sleeping, but our deepest desires. There are many ways to understand this poem; it varies from person to person. Someone like me may see this poem as talking about just dreams in general. Others may see it as African-American’s dreams. Although the meter of Harlem varies, the poem has a rhythmic, lyrical quality achieved through alliteration, rhyme, repetition of certain words, and carefully placed stressed syllables. People need to think twice before deferring their dreams. Langston Hughes says it best in his poem Harlem asking the question. What happens to a dream deferred Langston Hughes describes the outcome of the question as an altogether bad idea, saying that deferring your dream is â€Å"fester like a sore† or â€Å"it stinks like rotten meat†. By using imagery, he wants the reader to know what it is like to defer a dream and how bad it is. The first image in the poem proposes that the dream dries up like a raisin. This simile likens the original dream to a grape, which is round, juicy, green and fresh. Once the dream has lain neglected for too long, it dries up. Where the raisin image invokes the senses of taste and sight, the simile of the sore conveys a sense of touch and bodily impact. By comparing the dream to a sore on the body, Hughes suggests that unfulfilled dreams become part of us, like scars. In Langston Hughes poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Hughes makes use of some interesting poetic techniques. This poem is written in free verse, at first glance, seems to be unstructured. Hughes repeats words and lines, but does not make use of repeated sounds. Finally, some of his word choices near the end of the poem help to bring the message of the poem across more strongly. These poetic techniques contribute greatly to the quality of the poem. The textual details of the poem invoke strong imagery related to veins, rivers, and the roots of trees and give the reader a sense of the timelessness of these objects. In the short first stanza, the speaker in the poem by Langston Hughes states that he has â€Å"known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. † From this early point in the point in the poem, images of the canals of veins that run throughout the human body as well as similar images of rivers that wind around and are shaped like veins form our understanding that this poem is about more than blood or water, it is about roots and circuits. He has a very deep meaning about how people feel by debating that his soul is so much stubborn now at this point that no external source could change it. Hughes poems illustrate many of the problems that African Americans faced during the depression era, ranging from prejudice and discrete racism to a general air of hopelessness and despair. His poetry basically develops the idea of celebrating and idealizing the Negro life in America. He is not much like the other poets who just uses a single voice/entity, instead has a tendency to express the visualizations through a number of voices making it more realistic. His expression consists of renunciation and feelings of personal cruelty.

People Donating To Charity Health And Social Care Essay

People Donating To Charity Health And Social Care Essay There is varied outlook among people about donating to charity. This research is focused on understanding peoples attitudes towards donating for charity. An attitude questionnaire was prepared and surveyed among people. Simple percentage analysis was used to study the survey results to research on attitude difference among people of different age group, gender and environment. Also, their personal opinion about charity, charity channel and preference of charity organization was collected and studied. Results were produced in graphical and tabular forms and it is observed that people in the age group above 35 are more likely to donate than younger generation, women are more interested to donate than men, many people prefer to donate in person rather than donating online and some people are least interested to donate because of their ignorance about charity organisations. With Malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds. [5] -Abraham Lincoln The research is mainly focused to find out what people think about charity and to understand the reason why many people donate for charity as well as why many people do not donate to charity. Different Charity attitude among different age group, gender and location is studied in this research to make judgements about charity awareness among people. Preference about charity channel is studied to understand which channel has reached many people and which channel is weak in promotion. The research conducted by www.ageuk.org.uk[4] supporting aged people states that 10.3 million people in the UK are 65 and over, and this is set to rise to over 16.4 million by 2033.They say the cause might be due to hearing loss, dementia and incontinence. They are striving hard to help people to be medically fit. They request people to support their research by funding and other research works which are related to age related illness. Volunteering is also a part because he/she is contributing a help even though the person could not contribute financially. It could be administrative work, arranging a stall or helping people in the way they feel like without profit except for the love with their heart and soul. There are much more related to charity for the people who couldnt support themselves either by their family or relatives. The list goes on whether it is a disease, environmental funding, disaster or which is affecting the people lives. Assessment of analysis showed that majority of the people have donated for charity at least once whereas less than 35% of the people have not donated yet due to various reasons. The results also stated that main reasons provided by the particular age group for not donating to charity includes being a student, laziness, did not start earning and so on. Also many have mentioned that they are not aware of the procedure in making donation to charity. This study also examined that majority of the people are interested in donating for aged , child youth and disabled sectors than other part of the charity sectors. The survey also showed the results crossed with gender and crossed with age along with general statistics. And also shows the channel that most of the people prefer for donating to charity and how frequently they do. Literature Review NCVO (National Council for Voluntary Organisations) and CAF (Charity Aided Foundation) jointly conducted an analysis in December 2010[3] UK Giving 2010 An overview of charitable giving in the UK, 2009/10 which states that the proportion of adults in the UK giving to charity increased by 2% and reached 56% which was 54% in 2008/09 and the same UK giving 2011 conducted on December 2011[2] states that it increased to 2% more and reached 58% in 2010/11. Methodology Online survey method has been followed in gathering the results. A list of questionnaire mentioned below has been prepared and online survey has been designed with the help of quicksurveys.com and the survey link has been promoted through Facebook for collecting the results. Online survey link: http://tolu.na/VWLdXK The results were analysed using simple statistical method. Percentage analysis method is used to convert the answers into statistics. C:UsersSureishDesktopPDRMimagesPicture2.png Figure : Methodology Flow Diagram List of questionnaire Have you ever donated to charity? Any reason for not donating to charity? How long have you been donating for charity? Through what channel you will make the donation? To which charity category you have donated? (Select at least one) Do you regularly donate to a charity? Enter the name of the Charity you have donated (At-least one) Any reason in donating for Charity? How often do you donate for charity? Findings Charity Donation Behaviour General Statistics Below table and graphs shows the general statistics on whether people have donated for charity (Yes/No) Total Respondents: 41 Result Total (%) Count Yes 65.85% 27 No 34.15% 14 Table : Charity Donation Behaviour General Statistics Graph : Charity Donation Behaviour General Statistics Charity Donation Behaviour Crossed with: Gender Below table and graphs shows the statistics on whether people have donated for charity (Yes/No Crossed with: Gender) Total Respondents: 41 Result Total (% ) Count Male 100% (31) Female 100% (9) Yes 67.5% 27 64.52% 20 77.78% 7 No 32.5% 14 35.48% 12 22.22% 2 Table : Charity Donation Behaviour Crossed with: Gender Graph : Charity Donation Behaviour Crossed with: Gender Charity Donation Behaviour Crossed with: Age Below table and graphs shows the statistics on whether people have donated for charity (Yes/No Crossed with: Gender) Total Respondents: 41 Result Total (%) Count 18 34 100% (33) 35 54 100% (6) 55 + 100% (1) Yes 67.5% 27 60.61% 20 100% 6 100% 1 No 32.5% 14 39.39% 14 0% 0 0% 0 Table : Charity Donation Behaviour Crossed with: Age Graph : Charity Donation Behaviour Crossed with: Age Donation Frequency General Statistics Below table and graphs shows the general statistics on how often people donate for charity Total Respondents: 27 Result Total (% ) Count Weekly 0% 0 Bi Weekly 0% 0 Monthly 37.04% 10 Bi Monthly 3.7% 1 Quarterly 11.11% 3 Half-Yearly 7.41% 2 Annually 22.22% 6 Rarely 18.52% 5 Table : Donation Frequency General Statistics Graph : Donation Frequency General Statistics Channel used General Statistics Below table and graphs shows the general statistics on the major channels through which donations are made. Total Respondents: 27 Channel Total (%) Count Charity Website 18.52% 5 In Person 66.67% 18 Social Networking (like Facebook) 3.7% 1 Other, please specify 11.11% 3 Table : Channel used General Statistics Graph : Channel used General Statistics Other includes Volunteering work NGO or in person shops Charity Sector General Statistics Below table and graph shows the general statistics to which charity sector people shows more interest in donating. Charity Sector Total (%) Count Aged 51.85% 14 Animals 11.11% 3 Armed Ex-Services 3.7% 1 Children Youth 59.26% 16 Community 0% 0 Culture Heritage 0% 0 Disabled 48.15% 13 Education Training 18.52% 5 Employment, Trades Professions 0% 0 Environment 11.11% 3 Family 0% 0 Health 25.93% 7 Hearing Impairments 7.41% 2 Hospices 3.7% 1 Hospitals 7.41% 2 Housing 0% 0 Human Rights 11.11% 3 Learning Disabilities SEN 3.7% 1 Medical Research 18.52% 5 Medical Welfare 14.81% 4 Mental Health 7.41% 2 Overseas Aid 7.41% 2 Religious 14.81% 4 Rescue Services 3.7% 1 Social Welfare 7.41% 2 Sport Recreation 0% 0 Visual Impairments 3.7% 1 Other, please specify 3.7% 1 Total Respondents: 27 Table : Charity Sector General Statistics Graph : Charity Sector General Statistics Charity Sector Crossed with: Gender Below table and graph shows to which charity sector people shows more interest in making donations (Crossed with: Gender). Category Total (% ) Count Male 100% (20) Female 100% (7) Aged 51.85% 14 45% 9 71.43% 5 Animals 11.11% 3 5% 1 28.57% 2 Armed Ex-Services 3.7% 1 0% 0 14.29% 1 Children Youth 59.26% 16 55% 11 71.43% 5 Community 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Culture Heritage 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Disabled 48.15% 13 50% 10 42.86% 3 Education Training 18.52% 5 20% 4 14.29% 1 Employment, Trades Professions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Environment 11.11% 3 15% 3 0% 0 Family 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Health 25.93% 7 30% 6 14.29% 1 Hearing Impairments 7.41% 2 10% 2 0% 0 Hospices 3.7% 1 0% 0 14.29% 1 Hospitals 7.41% 2 5% 1 14.29% 1 Housing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Human Rights 11.11% 3 15% 3 0% 0 Learning Disabilities SEN 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 Medical Research 18.52% 5 15% 3 28.57% 2 Medical Welfare 14.81% 4 10% 2 28.57% 2 Mental Health 7.41% 2 10% 2 0% 0 Overseas Aid 7.41% 2 10% 2 0% 0 Religious 14.81% 4 20% 4 0% 0 Rescue Services 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 Social Welfare 7.41% 2 5% 1 14.29% 1 Sport Recreation 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Visual Impairments 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 Other 3.7% 1 0% 0 14.29% 1 Total Respondents: 27 Table : Charity Sector Crossed with: Gender Graph : Charity Sector Crossed with: Gender Charity Sector Crossed With: Age Below table and graph shows to which charity sector people shows more interest in making donations (Crossed With: Age). Total Respondents: 27 Charity Sector Total (% freq col) 100% (27) 18 34 100% (20) 35 54 100% (6) 55 + 100% (1) Aged 51.85% 14 65% 13 16.67% 1 0% 0 Animals 11.11% 3 10% 2 16.67% 1 0% 0 Armed Ex-Services 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 0% 0 Children Youth 59.26% 16 60% 12 66.67% 4 0% 0 Community 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Culture Heritage 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Disabled 48.15% 13 50% 10 50% 3 0% 0 Education Training 18.52% 5 20% 4 16.67% 1 0% 0 Employment, Trades Professions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Environment 11.11% 3 5% 1 33.33% 2 0% 0 Family 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Health 25.93% 7 20% 4 50% 3 0% 0 Hearing Impairments 7.41% 2 0% 0 16.67% 1 100% 1 Hospices 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 0% 0 Hospitals 7.41% 2 10% 2 0% 0 0% 0 Housing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Human Rights 11.11% 3 5% 1 33.33% 2 0% 0 Learning Disabilities SEN 3.7% 1 0% 0 16.67% 1 0% 0 Medical Research 18.52% 5 10% 2 50% 3 0% 0 Medical Welfare 14.81% 4 15% 3 16.67% 1 0% 0 Mental Health 7.41% 2 10% 2 0% 0 0% 0 Overseas Aid 7.41% 2 5% 1 16.67% 1 0% 0 Religious 14.81% 4 5% 1 50% 3 0% 0 Rescue Services 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 0% 0 Social Welfare 7.41% 2 5% 1 16.67% 1 0% 0 Sport Recreation 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 Visual Impairments 3.7% 1 0% 0 16.67% 1 0% 0 Other 3.7% 1 5% 1 0% 0 0% 0 Table : Charity Sector Crossed with: Gender Graph : Charity Sector Crossed with: Gender Survey Result -Reason for donating We live a good life, so some money can get to people who have nothing. People have to help each other if government is not capable. To Help. Can claim back on tax. To help thalassemia children. Mainly when feeling generous, but if its for something like the Poppy Appeal or Help for Heroes its because I strongly believe in their causes and know the money does reach the soldiers. To help fellow beings. I find happiness in helping the needy. Poor children education. Survey Result -Reason for not donating Dont know. Laziness I guess. But I have the desire to donate. Till now I didnt have any opportunity to donate meant that I didnt get any information to donate but am keen interested in that and we have organised a camp like taking the orphanage students to kishkintha which is a theme park in Chennai and our teams name is vizhigal. I have recently started working. Being a student I dont have cash to donate. Didnt get a chance. I am not getting enough income to donate to charity. Not yet came across a chance to do. Conclusion Looking at the results more than 65% of the people shows interest in donating to charity at least once and less than 35% havent donated due to various reasons mentioned above. The research also concluded that the people with age above 35 are much interested in donating to charity and the age group between 18 and 34 are least interested due to various reasons such as they have just started their work or they are still student and do not have enough money for providing donations. Recommendations The awareness in explaining the benefits and procedure in donating to charity needs to be increased as the research results states that the younger age group (between 18 and 34) are not aware of what procedure to follow for making donating to charities. Donation through internet is an easy way to reach out people in all age group especially young generation. Online promotions of charity organisation will definitely change the donation behaviour of people when the opportunities to give are plenty and easy.

Philosophers in the World :: Philosophy Philosophers Paperes

Philosophers in the World Philosophers are often thought of as hopelessly inept in the â€Å"real† world, the theoretical counterparts of the 90-pound weakling on the beach of the material world. Nothing could be more mistaken. As mentioned, Alexander the Great studied with Aristotle and then went on to conquer the world (well, the parts of the world the Greeks knew). Coincidence? Perhaps, but the extent to which other ancient figures were influenced by philosophy is far less ambiguous. To take the most obvious example, Socrates was committed to a life of social criticism and public debate, so much so that he was tried and executed by Athenian officials who felt threatened by his influence over the young. Consider also the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (the guy Richard Harris played in the movie Gladiator). As a young man, Aurelius was so motivated by his love of truth (the Emperor Hadrian nicknamed him â€Å"Verissimus†) that he turned from studying rhetoric to philosophy. Conscientious to his subjects and magnanimous to his enemies, Aurelius sold off personal items rather than raise taxes to fund the imperial expansion into Eastern Europe. Despite his dislike of violence (he made gladiators fight with blunt tips), Aurelius spend much of his reign on the battlefield fighting German tribes on the Danube front; The Meditations was written down as notes, sometimes in military camp at the end of a weary and bloody day. Like many other ancients, Aurelius took the philosophical life to be one lived in the world according to philosophical principles and values, drawing on Epictetus’ admonition: Eat like a man, drink like a man, get dressed, get married, have children, lead the life of a citizen †¦ Show us all this, so that we can see whether or not you have really learned something from the philosophers. (Discourses III, 21, 5) One important thinker who exemplified Epictetus’ ideal was John Locke. Bored with the scholastic curriculum during his studies at Christ Church, Oxford, he spent much of his time as an undergraduate reading French literature. After receiving his B.A. in 1656, Locke plunged into the study of medicine and chemistry, later supervising a surgery to drain an abscess on Lord Ashley’s liver (the operation probably saved Ashley’s life). Locke saw his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the locus classicus for modern empiricist philosophy, as providing part of the conceptual framework for the new scientific advances of Boyle, Huygens, â€Å"and the incomparable Mr.

Political power

Does political power Acquisition always lead to negative outcomes? I do not believe this because it has many gains. Power could be defined as authority and strength which may include any form of physical force or energy, ability to act, or control. Thus, when it comes to political power, power means an ability to control an area or people for specific outcomes. Political power is that form of power that an individual or a society hold and it can be achieved in various methods. This power might be used as a tool to achieve positive outcomes such as bringing the prosperity to the members of society, can positively be used to influence people to take a particular course of action, to suppress any external aggression, power can also be used crash rebellions from within the state and it can also be used in making individuals in a state to stay peacefully and obedient to the states law. Political power might also be used as a tool to produce negative outcomes such as establishing a dictatorship,   can be used to silence people who might be demanding for their rights, can be used in imposing your will on others forcefully and it can also be used to suppress and deny people to enjoy their rights. The meaning of using Political power negatively was clearly represented in the book ‘Animal Farm’ By George Orwell who Portrays how the negative use of political power. However, although George Orwell predominantly represents a negative use of Political power, it is highly unlikely that the acquisition of political power does not always lead to negative outcomes. The positive side political power is that it can be used in suppressing external aggression that might be directed to a particular state. It is power that a country or a state has that prevents other nations from interfering with the internal affairs of a country. This power is seen when military personnel are placed along the borderline that might be used by the aggressors in attacking. Any state that is unable to protect its national affairs is not worthy to be a sovereign state. This is because a sovereign state is that state that has its government, territory, and citizens and is able to protect its interests as well as the interests of the slate. This power is clearly portrayed in (Orwell G. I956; 45-54) when Mr. Jones armed with a shotgun appeared in what seemed to be a trial to recapture the animal farm. Mr. Jones together with about six men descended on the animal farm through the five barred gate carrying weapons like sticks but me Jones had a gun. He talked to his neighboring farmers Nilkington and Fredrick to help him in recapturing the farm. Finally the animals were able to chase these men out thus, they successfully safeguarded their sovereignty. This fight came to be named as â€Å"The battle of the cowshed† during their victory celebration. Another example of when power is used to prevent external aggression is of Cuba when what seemed to be self exiled Cubans who had sought refuge in United States of America turned to be rebels and attacked their own country with the help from USA. Fidel Castro organized his military men and within a short time the rebellion was crushed. Fidel had overestimated their power by directing all his military force on his enemies. Were it not for his powerful army, the rebels could have subjugated his country. Secondly, power can be used to suppress internal resistance or rebellion. When people start opposing the government that is place for no good reason, the country destabilizes, peace deteriorates and the economy of the country collapses. To prevent all these misfortunes, states use power in preventing or crushing those rebellions. This either done peacefully through dialogue but if it fails to be productive then, the only other alternative is to use force. A classic example of this is in the animal farm where snowball and Napoleon disagreed on the idea of constructing a windmill that would generate electric power that would be used in pumping water in each stall as well as heating these rooms. To show his displeasure, Napoleon decided to pee on Mr. Snowball’s sketches. Later when the animals convened for the weekly meeting, Snowball tried selling his idea to them but Napoleon appeared with nine veracious dogs that he had been rearing in secret. They descended on Snowball who fled out of the farm. When other animals tried to protest, a trained sheep silenced them by bleating at the top of her voice while singing that â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad† while those dogs barked loudly (Orwell G., 1956; 85-90) Thirdly, power can be used in promoting and maintaining internal peace and stability. A good government is that which is capable of maintaining peace and providing security to its people. No government can do this if it does not have the required mandate or power to do so. A government is said to be in power if it is capable of commanding its police and its army. This is also clearly exemplified in the (Orwell G., 1956; 94-96) Napoleon who became the sole ruler after chasing Snowball became the one who controlled the dogs that he was rearing in order to achieve power. He used these dogs in reinforcing laws and ensuring that the animals obeyed the laws and ensuring that the animals obeyed the laws to the letter. Another example where power is used to maintain order is in the states of America. Every state has its governor, and its law enforcement agencies. The main aim of this is to ensure that people do not break the rule of law and abide by it. Just like the way police shoot criminals, that is what Napoleon’s dogs did. For example they ripped open the throats of the four pigs which confessed to have protested against the actions of Napoleon. (Grayston L.2000: 58-62) Fourth, power can be used to influence other people in taking or following certain desired course of action. For example, people, who are regarded as experts, have certain influential power. People tend to believe them and are assumed to know everything. Also if you are believed to have good characteristics, then you can highly influence others for example Oprah Winfrey is much capable of persuading and influencing many people in the whole world because of his attitude of believing in herself. For example, the squalor used his oratory skills to influence other animals. He even applied gestures to emphasize his points. Squalor that had round cheeks and shrilled voice tone talked brilliantly and when arguing a difficulty points, he swayed from side to side something that attracted many animals not forgetting the wagging and whisking of his tail. (Orwell G., 1956; 36) Power can positively used to create regimes, state or dynasties. Most dynasties in bible came to be because of power. This was after defeating many simple communities who were obstacles to their development here power was used to crush their resistance. This also happened in the same and made it to reach to its highest power levels. (Seagrave S. 1986; 103) On the other side of the coin, power can be destructive in that it can be used as a tool for establishing dictatorship or anarchism.   Here individuals misuse power so that they would become authoritarians. In dictatorial regimes the leader is above the law thus, no law on the land that is applicable to him. In other words, his deeds are not subject to questioning. This power misuse is evident in the Animal Farm (Orwell G., 1956; 42-47) Napoleon and Snowball were both pigs who almost disagreed in every thing. The final straw came when they disagreed on a project to construct a windmill that would generate electricity power to the farm. Napoleon used his secret weapon, nine dogs that were secretly reared to attack Snowball and chasing him away. They were both supposed to be the leaders of this farm but Napoleon usurped it after snowball was chased. These dogs were like policemen. They defended his laws, enforced it and offered him protection. He never walked outside alone without being accompanied by these dogs on both sides. He used these powers to alter the law as he pleased without consulting anyone and used his dogs to impose it on other animals. Another case where political power was used to create dictatorship is in Italy and Germany. Mussolini and Hitler used their political powers to ascend to power. They used the same force to clear anybody who stayed on their way. The same force was used to suppress their subjects in to submission of their laws. Hitler killed about six million Jews using his troops. After the First World War, he conquered and acquired other countries’ territories by force. Though this stabilized his country, it destabilized others. For example France lost its two provinces; Lorraine and Alsace to Germany. (Richard E., 2005: 250-252) It is used to silencing the voice of the people especially when they are demanding for their rights. This mostly is applied to those individuals who hold different opinions about the government or those who are referred to as radicalists. These are the people who are the watchdogs of human rights or whistle blowers. Many regimes have been noted to have used their political powers to silence these people either by giving them death threats or they are arrested and never tried. A good example of where power was misused in this way was in the Animal Farm. Napoleon used his veracious dogs to silence his fellow animals by killing them. For instance, the four pigs who protested after napoleon victimized snowball were killed. Their throats were ripped open by these dogs. Also the hen ringleaders who were protesting against lack of enough food and yet they were expected to lay eggs which would be used in buying grains for other animals to eat. They were killed immediately after they confessed that they incited other hens to lay their eggs from rafters so that they could smash on the ground. (Orwell G., 1956; 95) Also power is negatively used by leaders to protect their personal interests as opposed to those of the majority. Leaders change or alter laws so as to suit their selfish ends. For example in the past there was a law that said that four legs were good and two legs bad. This was made with an objective of discouraging any relationship with human beings but later after there was a shortage of seeds and other supplies, the pigs started trading with people in their neighborhood. A law that prohibited animals from sleeping in beds was altered to read that â€Å"No animal shall sleep in bed with sheets† this was altered with a motive of allowing the pigs to sleep in bed but without sheets. Another power misuse is of leaders who kill their opponents. Some people use their political powers in clearing these people who they refer as obstacles. Saddam was said to have killed about hundred and forty eight Shiites who were against his government. (Joseph B. 2003; 125) Political powers can be used in acquiring the properties of others illegally. When state of lawlessness exists, the strong ones take those of the weak. It is misused by avaricious leaders in amassing wealth by illegal means for example, (Orwell G.1956; 34-35) manor a 12 years boar who had earlier won the farm’s prize called a meeting of all the animals so that he could tell them about his dream and the prophesies he had. He also taught them a song called (Beasts of England). After he died, his prophesy and dream came true when Snowball and Napoleon rebelled against Mr. Jones land after he became obsessed with beer. He never fed his animals and this forced them to break in to the grain store. When Mr. Jones came with his hired men, the animals chased them away and usurped the power. After looking critically looking the pros and cons of political power, the positive side or the pros outweighs the negative effects of power. This because power when used well it brings out significant changes like good government, external aggressions are controlled. This is what makes a state to be sovereign. Power can also be used in acquiring new territories and properties that would increase the wealth and economic base of the country whereas it can negatively impact on the type of government in place, it can be used in silencing people but this issue can be addressed by the constitution and the international criminal court. This essay can be concluded by saying that acquisition of power does not always lead to negative outcomes, as there are many positive uses of power than the negative ones. The positive uses are like protecting the nation against external attacks, maintaining peace, crushing rebellions within the state, to positively influence people and on the other hand it can be misused in bringing anarchy, suppressing the subject from airing their grievances, leaders imposing their will on others and when used uncontrollably it can lead to abuse of human rights. Reference: Seagrave Sterling. The Soong Dynasty. Harper:   trade paperback publisher. Seagrave   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sterling.1985; 58 Orwell G. The Animal Farm: a Fairly Story. Signet Classic, USA. 1956. 36-96. Joseph B. The new Iraq: Rebuilding the Country for its People, the Middle East and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World. New York, Basic Books.   2003; 125. Scott R E: Solving the Iraq Crisis. NCY: Simon and Scruster. 2002:78 Richard E. The Dictator: Hitler’s German, Stalin’s Russia. Penguin Books. 2005: 250-  Ã‚  Ã‚   252 Grayston L. Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs. Potomac Books Dulles    Virginia 2000; 58-62.